Check with local authorities (city, county and state) to determine
zoning ordinances and whether you can build the type of home you want
before committing to buying the land. A community within 20 minutes of
Sacramento city limits, for example, does not permit construction of any
structure on parcels smaller than 20 acres. Ask about future zoning,
whether there are plans to put in shopping centers or airports, or to
change nearby land uses that could also devalue your land.
* Smells and Sounds
Realize that you might be trading exhaust fumes from city buses
for the lovely odors produced by pig farms. Some farm animals such as
geese and donkeys produce squawks and brays that travel for miles.
Horses along country roads drop steaming piles of waste. It's not like
anybody carries along a plastic bag and picks up after their horses.
* Natural Hazards
Obtain a natural hazard disclosure and look for soil problems.
Some parts of El Dorado County near the Sierra, for example, have
naturally occurring asbestos in the rocks and soil. A disclosure will
tell you if the land is a protected habitat, which would prohibit
building. Is the area a known fire hazard? Is the fire department
supported solely by volunteers? Many owners in the country maintain
private ponds for fire emergencies.
* Elevation
If the land is located near hills, how likely is the land to move?
Some slab foundations can crack if the land is unstable. Find out if
your parcel lies within the path of a potential landslide. For
construction near bodies of water, you might want to consider building a
raised foundation and make sure to buy flood insurance. If the land was
once a swamp, ask neighbors about the condition of their foundations.
* Easements
If access to your land is provided by driving across an adjoining
parcel, you should obtain an easement and make sure it is recorded. Find
out who maintains the roads and what your prorata share might cost for
upkeep. What rights do neighbors have to cross your land? Are the
boundaries clearly marked? Obtain title insurance, which will disclose
easements and restrictive covenants or conditions. You might want to
order a survey of the land.
* Utilities
Water is important. Not all water is potable. Sometimes water
rights don't "run with the land," which would mean you could not dig a
well. Find out the depth of your water table and determine the
difficulty of digging. Is the ground mostly rock? It can be costly to
bring electricity, telephone or cable services to the property if they
are not already established nearby. Will you need to install a propane
tank? Consider a generator for back-up during power outages. If you
cannot hook up to a sewer, what will it cost to install a septic system?
* Appraisal
It's common to pay cash for land. If you're not planning to
finance the land purchase through a conventional lender, which will
require a lender appraisal, then obtain your own appraisal to determine
an appropriate price before making an offer. Comparable sales are
sometimes difficult to find when buying land.